The following manuscripts have been published or are currently in press. Listings are in chronological order, unless otherwise noted.
| Title | Publication | Date/Location |
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| Millennium Cohort: Enrollment Begins a 21-year Contribution to Understanding the Impact of Military Service | Journal of Clinical Epidemiology | 2007 Feb;60(2):181-91 |
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Ryan MA, Smith TC, Smith B, Amoroso P, Boyko EJ, Gray GC, Gackstetter GD, Riddle JR, Wells TS, Gumbs G, Corbeil TE, Hooper TI, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team A foundation report, this describes original enrollment methods and challenges of the Millennium Cohort Study. Characteristics of the first 77,047 participants are detailed and shown to strongly represent the population-based sample of the US military from which they were drawn. |
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| Risk of Traumatic Brain Injury in Deployment and Nondeployment Settings Among Members of the Millennium Cohort Study | Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation | 2024 Jun 27 | doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000970 | Online ahead of print |
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Jannace KC, Pompeii L, de Porras DGR, Perkison WB, Yamal JM, Trone DW, Rull RP The risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI) was higher among service members in deployment settings compared to those in nondeployment settings. Risk reduction strategies and education are needed to reduce the occurrence of TBI based on deployment status and history. |
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| The effect of combat exposure on veteran homelessness | Journal of Housing Economics Information | 2020 Sept; 49,101711 |
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Ackerman A, Porter B, Sullivan R Homelessness is a serious problem among veterans, but how military service contributes to the risk of homelessness is unclear. This study examined the impact of witnessing another's death (a proxy for combat) on likelihood of reporting homelessness. One exposure was associated with a 0.6% increase in homelessness. Extrapolated to the overall population, combat exposure is expected to contribute to 4,600 instances of homeless veterans. |
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| Hypertension in Military Veterans Is Associated With Combat Exposure and Combat Injury | Journal of Hypertension | 2020 Jul;38(7):1293-1301 |
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Howard JT, Stewart IJ, Kolaja C, Sosnov JA, Rull R, Torres I, Janak JC, Walker LE, Trone DW, Armenta RF This study examined the association between combat injury and incident hypertension. We found that those who were injured during combat were more likely to develop hypertension. Further, inadequate sleep, having PTSD, and being overweight or obese were associated with developing hypertension. Results highlight the importance of hypertension prevention among those who are injured during their time in service. |
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| Sexual Harassment, Sexual Assault, and Physical Activity Among U.S. Military Service Members in the Millennium Cohort Study | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 2019 Mar 2;886260519832904. doi: 10.1177/0886260519832904 |
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Thomas CL, Nieh C, Hooper TI, Gackstetter GD, LeardMann CA, Porter B, Blazer DG; for the Millennium Cohort Study Team This study examined the association of recent sexual trauma with subsequent physical activity levels among service members. The findings indicate that personnel who experienced sexual assault were more likely to report high levels of physical activity (300+ mins/week), while those who reported sexual harassment were less likely to engage in medium-high levels of physical activity (300-449 mins/week), compared with those without sexual harassment or sexual assault. This study highlights how coping responses to sexual trauma among current military members may be intertwined with physical activity. |
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| Individual and Military Factors That Modify the Association Between Recent Sexual Trauma and Health Outcomes Among U.S. Service Members and Veterans | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 2023 Sep | doi: 10.1177/08862605231173909 |
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Seelig AD, Rivera AC, LeardMann CA, Daniel SM, Jacobson IG, Stander VA, Moore BL, Millard DC, Boyko EJ; Millennium Cohort Team Experiencing recent sexual trauma was associated with PTSD, depression, and multiple somatic symptoms (e.g. physical complaints, bodily distress). These associations remained relatively stable across demographic and military factors but varied in the presence of protective (e.g., social support) and risk factors (e.g., childhood trauma). These findings underscore the complex interplay of trauma and resilience in understanding adverse health outcomes. |
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| Lifetime Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Post-Concussive Symptoms in the Millennium Cohort Study | Journal of Neurotrauma | 2024 March | doi: 10.1089/neu.2022.0213 |
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Jannace K, Pompeii L, Gimeno Ruiz de Porras D, Perkison WB, Yamal JM, Trone DW, Rull RP TBI was associated with greater risk of post-concussive symptoms (e.g., fatigue, poor concentration, memory loss) among active-duty service members with risk being greater as number of lifetime TBIs increased. |
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| Self-Reported Mental Health Among US Military Personnel, Prior and Subsequent to the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 2004 Aug;46(8):775-82 |
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Smith TC, Smith B, Corbeil TE, Riddle JR, and Ryan MAK, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Accepted without revision and featured by journal editors, this early analysis leveraged Millennium Cohort data to conclude that military members displayed stronger mental health characteristics soon after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The authors suggest this may be attributed to resilience and/or an outpouring of support for the US military mission. |
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| Impact of Terrorism on Caffeine and Tobacco Use | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 2004 Dec;46(12):1194-5 |
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Smith TC, Smith B, Corbeil TE, Ryan MAK, Riddle JR, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team [letter in response to "Self-reported mental health among US military personnel, prior and subsequent to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001"] Authors of a previously highlighted article respond to important suggestions on future analyses. |
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| Health Status of Gulf War and Era Veterans Serving in the US Military in 2000 | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 2018 May;60(5):e261-e267 |
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Porter B, Long K, Rull RP, Dursa EK for the Millennium Cohort Study Team This paper describes Gulf War Veterans and non-deployed Gulf era personnel enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study. Comparing distributions of survey responses with those from a population-based sample collected by the VA, we found that Millennium Cohort participants reported slightly better health, particularly regarding mental health. The Millennium Cohort Study is an important resource for investigating the health effects of Gulf War deployment. |
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