The following manuscripts have been published or are currently in press. Listings are in chronological order, unless otherwise noted.
| Title | Publication | Date/Location |
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| Cervical cancer screening compliance among active duty service members in the US military | Preventive Medicine Reports | 2022 Apr; 26: 101746 |
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Seay J, Matsuno RK, Porter B, Tannenbaum K, Warner S, Wells N Previous research suggests active duty service members (ADSM) experience higher rates of human papilloma virus infection and cervical dysplasia, which puts them at greater risk for cervical cancer. The current study examined crude rates and correlates of cervical cancer screening compliance in 2003, 2015 among screening-eligible ADSM in the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). Most participants were 21- 29 years old (79.4%), non-Hispanic White (60.6%), and enlisted (82.2%). Crude rates of cervical cancer screening compliance increased from 2003 (61.2%) to 2010 (83.1%), and then declined in 2015 (59.8%). Older ADSM and those who had a history of deployment had lower odds of screening compliance. ADSM in the Air Force and those in healthcare occupations had higher odds of screening compliance. Study findings suggest that cervical cancer screening compliance is declining among ADSM. Interventions to improve screening should target groups with lower screening compliance. |
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| Combat Experience, New-Onset Mental Health Conditions, and Posttraumatic Growth in U.S. Service Members | Psychiatry | Fall 2021;84(3):276-290 |
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Jacobson IG, Adler AB, Roenfeldt KA, Porter,B., LeardMann CA, Rull RP, Hoge CW Research on posttraumatic growth (PTG) after traumatic experiences has raised questions on measurement, validity, and clinical utility. We longitudinally examined PTG among Millennium Cohort Study deployers (n=8,732), who screened negative for PTSD and depression at time 1, using a measure that improved upon previous psychometric issues. A strong inverse correlation was found between PTG scores at time 2 and new onset mental health problems (PTSD, depression), where lower growth scores correlated with worse mental health (i.e. higher PTSD or depression screening scores). Only 5% of participants who screened positive for a mental health problem at time 2 experienced positive growth. Results suggest that measurement of PTG is not independent from mental health problems following combat experiences and thus challenge the clinical utility of the PTG construct. |
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| PTSD Prevalence, Associated Exposures, and Functional Health Outcomes in a Large, Population-Based Military Cohort | Public Health Report | 2009 Jan;124:90-102 |
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Smith TC, Wingard DL, Ryan MAK, Kritz-Silverstein D, Slymen DJ, Sallis JF, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Findings suggest a 2% prevalence of current PTSD symptoms in the US Military that are associated with increased reporting of exposures and decrements in functional health. |
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| Prospectively Assessed Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Physical Activity | Public Health Reports | 2011 May/Jun;126(3):371-83 |
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LeardMann CA, Kelton ML, Smith B, Littman AJ, Boyko EJ, Wells TS, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Nearly 90% of the Cohort participate in some level of physical activity. Engagement in physical activity, specifically vigorous activity, was associated with decreased odds of PTSD symptoms. While further research is needed, a physical activity component may be valuable to treat and/or prevent PTSD among service members. |
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| Utilizing Machine Learning To Predict Participant Response To Follow-Up Health Surveys in the Millennium Cohort Study | Scientific Reports | 2024 Oct 28 | doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77563-8 |
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Barkho W, Carnes NC, Kolaja CA, Tu XM, Boparai SK, Castañeda SF, Sheppard BD, Walstrom JL, Belding JN, Rull RP Using various machine learning algorithms, patterns in response to prior surveys among Millennium Cohort Study participants improved the ability to predict future response to a follow-up survey. |
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| Predeployment Sleep Duration and Insomnia Symptoms as Risk Factors for New-Onset Mental Health Disorders Following Military Deployment | Sleep | 2013 Jul 1;36(7):1009-1018 |
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Gehrman P, Seelig AD, Jacobson IG, Boyko EJ, Hooper TI, Gackstetter GD, Ulmer CS, Smith TC This study showed that combat-related trauma and predeployment insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with developing posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety following deployment. Assessment of insomnia symptoms predeployment may help to better identify those at highest risk for subsequent adverse mental health outcomes. |
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| Sleep and Health Resilience Metrics in a Large Military Cohort | Sleep | 2016 May;39(5):1111-1120 |
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Seelig AD, Jacobson IG, Donoho CJ, Trone DW, Crum-Cianflone NF, Balkin TJ The presence of insomnia symptoms was significantly associated with worse self-rated health, more lost work days, lower odds of deployment, higher odds of leaving military service early, and more health care utilization, after adjustment for demographic, military, behavioral and other health covariates. Findings were similar for those reporting less than 6 hours of sleep per night. Future research should focus on the efficacy of interventions to promote healthy sleep in military populations. |
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| Sleep Patterns Before, During, and After Deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan | Sleep | 2010 Dec;33(12):1615-22 |
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Seelig AD, Jacobson IG, Smith B, Hooper TI, Boyko EJ, Gackstetter GD, Gehrman PR, Macera CA, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Participants reported having trouble sleeping and getting less sleep either during deployment or after returning home from deployment more than nondeployed participants. Self-reported combat exposures and mental health symptoms were independently associated with increased reporting of trouble sleeping. |
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| Longitudinal associations of military-related factors on self-reported sleep among U.S. service members | Sleep | 2021 Dec 10;44(12):zsab168 |
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Cooper AD, Kolaja CA, Markwald RR, Jacobson IG, Chinoy ED This study examined military factors in relation to the development and reoccurrence of short sleep duration (less than 5 hours or 6 hours) and insomnia symptoms (i.e., trouble falling asleep or staying asleep in the past month) over a 3-15 year follow-up period. Military factors consistently associated with an increased risk for development and/or reoccurrence of short sleep duration and insomnia symptoms included active duty service, Army or Marine Corps service, combat deployment, and longer than average deployment lengths. Officers and noncombat deployers had decreased risk for either poor sleep characteristic. Length of service and separation from the military were complex factors; each lowered risk for less than 5 hours of sleep but increased the risk for insomnia symptoms. Findings suggest that efforts to improve sleep prioritization and implement interventions targeting at-risk military populations, behaviors, and other significant factors are warranted. |
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| Contribution of Post-Trauma Insomnia to Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Women Service Members: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study | Sleep | 2023 Mar 9 | doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsac313 |
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Carlson GC, Sharifian N, Jacobson IG, LeardMann CA, Rull RP, Martin JL Post-trauma insomnia contributed to the development of depression and PTSD among women service members and veterans; screening for insomnia may help mitigate the development of posttraumatic mental health conditions. |
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