The following manuscripts have been published or are currently in press. Listings are in chronological order, unless otherwise noted.
| Title | Publication | Date/Location |
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| Body Building, Energy, and Weight Loss Supplements are Associated with Deployment and Physical Activity in US Military Personnel | Annals of Epidemiology | 2012;22:318-330 |
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Jacobson IG, Horton JL, Smith B, Wells TS, Boyko EJ, Lieberman HR, Ryan MAK, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Nearly half of the population studied reported use of energy, body building, or weight loss supplements, with energy supplements being the most highly endorsed (38%) supplement type. Deployment experience, physical activity, problem drinking, and suboptimal sleep emerged as important characteristics associated with supplement use, which may be of importance to medical planners and military policy makers in targeting adverse event monitoring and for future research determining how supplements affect performance and health over time. |
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| All-Cause Mortality Among United States Military Personnel: Findings From the Millennium Cohort Study | Annals of Epidemiology | 2024 Aug 28 | doi: 10.1016/j.anne | Online ahead of print |
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Carey FR, Harbertson J, Sharifian N, Boyko EJ, Rull RP Previous history of deployment, female sex, and Hispanic ethnicity were protective for mortality, while combat exposure, enlisted rank, being in the Army, and health factors (e.g., stressful life events, smoking, alcohol use) were risk factors for mortality among OEF/OIF/OND service members and veterans over a 20 year period. |
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| A Longitudinal Investigation of Smoking Initiation and Relapse Among Younger and Older US Military Personnel | American Journal of Public Health | 2015 Jun;105(6):1220-1229 |
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Boyko EJ, Trone DW, Peterson AV, Jacobson IG, Littman AJ, Maynard C, Seelig AD, Crum-Cianflone NF, Bricker JB Smoking initiation and relapse were examined among current and former military Service members. Deployment with combat experience predicted higher initiation and relapse rates. Additionally, depending on the panel, prior mental health disorders, life stressors, and other military and nonmilitary characteristics independently predicted initiation and relapse. |
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| A Prospective Study of Depression Following Combat Deployment in Support of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan | American Journal of Public Health | 2010 Jan;100(1):90-9 |
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Wells TS, LeardMann CA, Fortuna SO, Smith B, Smith TC, Ryan MAK, Boyko EJ, Blazer D, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Findings emphasize that exposure to combat, rather than deployment itself, among men and women significantly increase the risk of new-onset depression. |
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| Deployment Experiences and Motor Vehicle Crashes Among US Service Members | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | 2014;46(4):350-358. |
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Woodall KA, Jacobson IG, Crum-Cianflone NF Findings indicate experiencing combat during deployment and multiple deployments are strong predictors for a motor vehicle crash (MVC) within the first six months of returning home from deployments in support of Iraq and Afghanistan among U.S. military members. These data provide critical information for targeting prevention strategies to decrease MVCs among personnel postdeployment. |
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| Anthrax Vaccination in the Millennium Cohort: Validation and Measures of Health | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | 2007 Apr;32(4):347-53 |
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Smith B, Leard CA, Smith TC, Reed RJ, Ryan MAK, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team The largest ever evaluation of this topic revealed strong validity of self-reported vaccination, as well as unique health features of the small subset who may misreport vaccination. This work won awards at two research conferences in 2006. |
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| Cigarette Smoking and Military Deployment: A Prospective Evaluation | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | 2008 Dec;35(6):539-46 |
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Smith B, Ryan MAK, Wingard DL, Patterson TL, Slymen DJ, Macera CA, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Findings suggest an increase in smoking initiation and recidivism among deployers and highlight the importance of prevention strategies pre, during, and post deployment. |
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| Health Disparities Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Service Members and Veterans | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | 2022 Oct | doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.04.034 |
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Carey FR, LeardMann CA, Lehavot K, Jacobson IG, Kolaja CA, Stander VA, Rull RP, Millennium Cohort Study Team This study examined whether differences in mental, physical, and behavioral health exist by sexual orientation among active duty and Reserve/National Guard service members and veterans (N=96,930). Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals (3.6% of the sample) were more likely to screen positive for post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, binge eating, problematic anger, multiple somatic symptoms, and insomnia than heterosexual individuals. LGB women reported more adverse health outcomes (overweight and obesity, smoking, problem/risky drinking) than heterosexual women. Gay and bisexual men reported some adverse health outcomes (e.g., smoking and problem drinking) but better physical health (e.g., less overweight/obesity) than heterosexual men. These results suggest that LGB service members experience health disparities, despite many having equal eligibility for health care, highlighting the need for improved equity initiatives that promote cultural responsiveness, acceptance, and approaches to support the healthcare needs of LGB military members. |
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| Deployment-Related Depression Screening Results, 2001-2008: Comparing Clinical vs. Research Surveys | American Journal of Preventative Medicine | 2014 Nov;47(5):531-540 |
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Welsh MM, PhD, Federinko SP, Burnett DG, Gackstetter GD, Boyko EJ, Seelig AD, Wells TS, and Hooper TI This study compared depression symptoms reported on military-linked surveys, post-deployment health assessments, with responses from confidential surveys of the Millennium Cohort Study and then evaluated whether any factors were associated with discrepant responses. Moderate agreement was observed between paired survey responses. A higher proportion of active duty members, unmarried participants, and new accessions into military service endorsed depression symptoms on the confidential survey but not the military-linked survey. This study identifies potential subgroups to target for improving follow-up care for optimal mental health. |
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| Combat and Trajectories of Physical Health Functioning in U.S. Service Members | American Journal of Preventative Medicine | 2019 Nov;57(5):637-644 |
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Porter B, Bonanno GA, Bliese PD, Phillips CJ, Proctor SP for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Combat is detrimental to long-term physical health functioning among deployed service members, but other pre-deployment modifiable factors like body size and smoking status had stronger associations with subsequent trajectories. This indicates the negative impact of combat may be mitigated through pre-deployment healthy behaviors. |
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