Publications

The following manuscripts have been published or are currently in press. Listings are in chronological order, unless otherwise noted.

Research Publication 2
Title Publication Date/Location
Challenges of Self-Reported Medical Conditions and Electronic Medical Records Among Members of a Large Military Cohort BMC Medical Research Methodology 2008 Jun;8:37

Smith B, Chu LK, Smith TC, Amoroso PJ, Boyko EJ, Hooper TI, Gackstetter GD, Ryan MAK, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team

This report highlights the importance of assessing medical conditions from multiple electronic and self-reported sources.

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Assessing Nonresponse Bias at Follow-Up in a Large Prospective Cohort of Relatively Young and Mobile Military Service Members BMC Medical Research Methodology 2010 Oct;10(1):99

Littman AJ, Boyko EJ, Jacobson IG, Horton JL, Gackstetter GD, Smith B, Hooper TI, Amoroso PJ, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team

In this study population, nonresponse to the follow-up questionnaire did not result in appreciable bias as reflected by comparing measures of association for selected outcomes using complete case and inverse probability weighted methods.

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Exploratory Factor Analysis of Self-Reported Symptoms in a Large, Population-Based Military Cohort BMC Medical Research Methodology 2010 Oct;10(1):94

Kelton ML, LeardMann CA, Smith B, Boyko EJ, Hooper TI, Gackstetter GD, Bliese PD, Hoge CW, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team

Using exploratory factor analysis, this study examined mental and physical health symptom covariance structure. A 14-factor model accounted for 60% of the variance indicating a reasonable amount of construct overlap and that the number and type of questions appropriately assess a spectrum of heterogeneous symptoms.

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Application of Latent Semantic Analysis for Open-Ended Responses in a Large, Epidemiologic Study BMC Medical Research Methodology 2011 Oct;11:136

Leleu TD, Jacobson IG, LeardMann CA, Smith B, Foltz PW, Amoroso PJ, Derr M, Ryan MAK, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team

Using latent semantic analysis to analyze the final open-ended text field on the Millennium Cohort questionnaire helped identify important topic areas for future survey questions and also revealed the most common areas of concern for participants were illness and injuries, exposures, and exercise. Subjects with worse self-reported general health were more likely to provide a response in the open-ended text field than subjects with better general health.

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Multiple imputation validation study: Addressing unmeasured survey data in a longitudinal design BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 Jan 6;21(1):5

Kolaja CA, Porter B, Powell TM, Rull RP, Millennium Cohort Study Team

This study examined the efficiency and feasibility of multiple imputation (MI) to recover data from a question completely missing at a follow-up survey assessment. Specifically, the suicidal ideation item on the depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire was set to missing on a follow-up survey and then filled in using different MI models. Imputed and self-reported suicidal ideation were similarly associated with the related constructs of sleep duration and smoking status, suggesting that MI allowed for the inclusion of an otherwise missing item as a covariate in statistical models.

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Survey response over 15 years of follow-up in the Millennium Cohort Study BMC Medical Research Methodology 2023 Sep 9; 23(1):205 | doi: 10.1186/s12874-023-02018-z

Kolaja CA, Belding JN, Boparai SK, Castañeda SF, Geronimo-Hara TR, Powell TM, Tu XM, Walstrom JL, Sheppard BD, Rull RP; Millennium Cohort Study Team

Across a 3-15 year follow-up period, the average response rate among almost 198,833 Millennium Cohort Study participants was 60%. Factors associated with follow-up survey response over time included increased educational attainment, married status, female sex, older age, military deployment, greater life stress, and poorer mental/physical health status.

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Health Care Utilization Among Complementary and Alternative Medicine Users in a Large Military Cohort BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 Apr;11:27

White MR, Jacobson IG, Smith B, Wells TS, Gackstetter GD, Boyko EJ, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team

Our findings provide evidence that CAM users are utilizing more physician-based medical services than users of conventional care. Those using CAM account for 45.1% of outpatient care and 44.8% of inpatient care, but make up only 39% of the study population. Whether CAM use is supplementing current conventional medical practice to meet the health care needs of these individuals is not fully understood.

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Demographic and Occupational Predictors of Early Response to a Mailed Invitation to Enroll in a Longitudinal Health Study Biomed Central Medical Research Methodology 2007 Jan;7:6

Chretien JP, Chu LK, Smith TC, Smith B, Ryan MAK, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team

Those who respond first to study invitations, whether to participate or decline, have distinct characteristics within the study population. This information can help structure recruitment efforts.

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A Prospective Study of Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Relation to Deployment in Support of Iraq and Afghanistan: the Millennium Cohort Study Autoimmune Diseases 2011 Nov;741267

Jones KA, Granado NS, Smith B, Slymen DJ, Ryan MAK, Boyko EJ, Gackstetter GD, Phillips CJ, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team

Newly reported lupus was not associated with military deployment in support of the current operations in Iraq and Afghanistan when compared with nondeployers. Our study did note a significantly decreased risk of newly reported rheumatoid arthritis among deployers with and without combat exposures when compared with nondeployers; the reason for this finding is unknown, but may be due to a selection effect for deployment.

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Preinjury Psychiatric Status, Injury Severity, and Postdeployment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Archives of General Psychiatry 2011 May;68(5):496-504

Sandweiss DA, Slymen DJ, LeardMann CA, Smith B, White MR, Boyko EJ, Hooper TI, Gackstetter GD, Amoroso PJ, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team

Physical injuries were significantly associated with postdeployment PTSD. Baseline psychiatric status was also significantly associated with postdeployment PTSD, irrespective of injury severity. Deployed service members who suffer from a predeployment psychiatric condition or injury while deployed may benefit from interventions targeted to prevent postdeployment PTSD or ensure early identification and treatment.

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