The following manuscripts have been published or are currently in press. Listings are in chronological order, unless otherwise noted.
| Title | Publication | Date/Location |
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| Examination of Post-Service Health-Related Quality of Life Among Rural and Urban Military Members of the Millennium Cohort Study | Journal of Rural Social Sciences | 2011;26(3):32-56 |
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Proctor SP, Wells TS, Jones KA, Boyko EJ, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team In this large population-based sample of young US veterans recently separated from military service, health-related quality of life (HRQL) was not significantly different among rural and urban residents in the adjusted analyses and deployment experience did not alter the association between the outcome and rural or urban residence. These results suggest that rural status is not independently associated with HRQL among recent U.S. veterans. |
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| Trajectories of Trauma Symptoms and Resilience in Deployed US Military Service Members: A Prospective Cohort Study | British Journal of Psychiatry | 2012 Apr;200(4):317-23 |
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Bonanno GA, Mancini AD, Horton JL, Powell TM, LeardMann CA, Boyko EJ, Wells TS, Hooper TI, Gackstetter GD, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS) were examined over time in relation to deployment. Four classes of PTS trajectories were identified for both single and multiple deployers, with over 80% of the deployers exhibiting a stable trajectory of low symptoms (i.e., resilience) pre- to post-deployment. Several factors predicting PTS trajectories were identified, which may direct future research aimed at decreasing the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder among deployers |
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| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among US Military Health Care Professionals Deployed in Support of the Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 2012 Dec;25(6):616-23 |
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Jacobson IG, Horton JL, LeardMann CA, Ryan MAK, Boyko EJ, Wells TS, Smith B, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Among military personnel deployed with combat experience, health care professionals did not have increased odds for new-onset PTSD or depression over time compared to individuals in other occupations. Combat experience significantly increased the odds for new-onset PTSD or depression among deployed health care professionals, suggesting that combat experience, not features specific to being a health care professional, was the key exposure explaining development of these outcomes. |
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| A Comparison of Mental Health Outcomes in Persons Entering US Military Service Before and After September 11, 2001 | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 2012 Feb;25: 17-24 |
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Wells TS, Ryan MAK, Jones KA, Hooper TI, Boyko EJ, Jacobson IG, Smith TC, Gackstetter GD, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team It is hypothesized that those who entered military service prior to September 11, 2001 might have had expectations of experiencing a regular operational tempo and less combat compared with those entering service after this date, therefore an increased risk for mental disorders. Although measuring the direct reason for entering the military was not possible for this study, the findings showed that those entering pre-September 11 did not have a higher odds of mental disorders, suggesting that mental disorders resulting from the experience of war are common across the pre- and post-September 11 accession eras. |
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| Prospective Assessment of Chronic Multisymptom Illness Reporting Possibly Associated with Open-Air Burn Pit Smoke Exposure in Iraq | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 2012 June;54(6):682-688 |
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Powell TM, Smith TC, Jacobson IG, Boyko EJ, Hooper TI, Gackstetter GD, Phillips CJ, Smith B, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team There was no increase in chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) symptom reporting in Army and Air Force personnel deployed within a 2-, 3-, or5-mile radius of documented open-air burn pits located in Iraq at Joint Base Balad, Camp Taji, and Camp Speicher compared with other deployed personnel. This initial report on possible burn pit exposure associated with CMI at apopulation-level is reassuring, but future research evaluating the potential association of burn pit smoke and CMI should utilize individual exposure data when possible. |
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| Newly Reported Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Relation to Deployment Within Proximity to a Documented Open-Air Burn Pit in Iraq | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 2012 June;54(6):698-707 |
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Jones KA, Smith B, Granado NS, Boyko EJ, Gackstetter GD, Ryan MAK, Phillips CJ, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team This study examined the incidence lupus and rheumatoid arthritis in relation to Army and Air Force personnel deployed within a 3- and 5-mile radius of documented open-air burn pits located in Iraq at Joint Base Balad, Camp Speicher, and Camp Taji. Overall, the results indicate no elevated risk of newly reported lupus or rheumatoid arthritis in the combined three-camp analysis. However, possible exposure at Balad was individually associated with newly reported lupus, although only two cases were at this site. Additional studies, including individual exposure data, are needed to further investigate these associations. |
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| The Effects of Exposure to Documented Open-Air Burn Pits on Respiratory Health Among Deployers of the Millennium Cohort Study | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 2012 June;54(6):708-716 |
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Smith B, Wong CA, Boyko EJ, Phillips CJ, Gackstetter GD, Ryan MAK, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Burn pit exposure within 3 or 5 miles was not associated with newly reported asthma, chronic bronchitis or emphysema, or self-reported respiratory symptoms. In general, these findings do not support an elevated risk for respiratory outcomes among personnel deployed within proximity of documented burn pits in Iraq. Increased symptom reporting, however, was observed among Air Force deployers located within 2 miles of Joint Base Balad, though this finding was marginally significant with no evidence of trend. |
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| Smokeless Tobacco Use Related to Military Deployment, Cigarettes, and Mental Health Symptoms in a Large, Prospective Cohort Study Among US Service Members | Addiction | 2012 May;107(5):983-994 |
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Hermes ED, Wells TS, Smith B, Boyko EJ, Gackstetter GD, Miller SC, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Chronic use of smokeless tobacco has been linked to poor military training performance, early discharge, and a host of medical problems from cancer to heart disease. Smokeless tobacco initiation occurred in 1.9% and persistent use in 8.9% of Millennium Cohort participants. The study showed that deployment, combat exposure, smoking, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder increased the risk for smokeless tobacco initiation, while deployment and combat exposure increased the risk for persistent use. |
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| Individual Augmentee Deployment and Newly Reported Mental Health Morbidity | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 2012 May;54(5):615-620 |
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Granado NS, Zimmermann L, Smith B, Jones KA, Wells TS, Ryan MAK, Slymen DL, Koffman RL, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Individual augmentees (IAs), who presumably have lower social support or unit cohesion, were not at increased risk for PTSD or mental health symptoms following deployment compared with non-IA deployers. It is likely that social isolation was not highly influential among Navy IAs in this study. |
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| Profile of Two Cohorts: UK and US Prospective Studies of Military Health | International Journal of Epidemiology | 2012 Oct;41(5):1272-82 |
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Pinder RJ, Greenberg N, Boyko EJ, Gackstetter GD, Hooper TI, Murphy D, Ryan MA, Smith B, Smith TC, Wells TS, Wessely S, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Despite differences and limitations in methodologies, analyses of these two cohorts provide the prospect of driving improvement and innovation in military health and extending findings to other occupational populations. |
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