The following manuscripts have been published or are currently in press. Listings are in chronological order, unless otherwise noted.
| Title | Publication | Date/Location |
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| Prescription Stimulants and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among US Military Service Members | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 2015 Dec;28(6):585-589 |
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Crum-Cianflone NF, Frasco M, Armenta RF, Phillips CJ, Horton J, Ryan MAK, Russell DW, LeardMann CA Millennium Cohort data from U.S. military members who completed the baseline survey, and two follow-up surveys were evaluated to determine associations between receipt of prescription stimulants and PTSD. Prescription stimulants were significantly associated with incident PTSD after adjustment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, baseline mental and physical health status, deployment experiences, and other known confounders. Findings from this study may inform the underlying pathogenesis of and preventive strategies for PTSD. |
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| Sexual Trauma and Adverse Health and Occupational Outcomes Among Men Serving in the US Military | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 2016 Apr;29(1):132-40 |
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Millegan J, Wang L, LeardMann CA, Miletich D, Street AE This study examined the association of recent sexual trauma with health and occupational outcomes among US Service men using longitudinal Millennium Cohort data (2004-2013). Findings from this study indicated that recent sexual trauma, sexual harassment or sexual assault, is associated with adverse physical health and mental health among Service men, after adjustment for relevant covariates. Men who reported sexual trauma were more likely to have left military service and experience post-service disability or unemployment. Results demonstrate that, among Service men, sexual trauma is significantly associated with adverse health and functionality extending to post-military life. Findings support the need for developing more effective prevention strategies and services to reduce the burden of sexual trauma of Service men. |
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| Patterns of Smoking and Unhealthy Alcohol Use Following Sexual Trauma Among US Service Members | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 2017 Oct;30(5):502-511 |
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Seelig AD, Rivera AC, Powell TM, Williams EC, Peterson AV, Littman AJ, Maynard C, Street AE, Bricker JB, Boyko EJ Following sexual assault while serving in the military, women had double the risk for unhealthy alcohol use relapse while men had 6 times the risk for smoking relapse compared with women and men who did not experience sexual assault, respectively. No other associations between sexual trauma (assault or harassment) and subsequent smoking or unhealthy alcohol use were observed. Substance use prevention measures are recommended for those who experience sexual assault and have a history of smoking and unhealthy alcohol use. |
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| Measuring Aggregated and Specific Combat Exposures: Associations Between Combat Exposure Measures and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Alcohol-Related Problems | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 2018 Apr;31:296-306 |
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Porter B, Hoge CW, Tobin LE, Donoho CJ, Castro CA, Luxton DD, Faix D This study compared two measures of combat exposure and showed that both measures were similarly predictive of poor mental health. The unique contributions of specific exposures to poor mental health were also examined. While all combat exposure items were related to poor mental health, relatively stronger independent associations were observed for certain exposures (e.g., witnessing instances of physical abuse). |
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| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters in Service Members Predict New-Onset Depression Among Military Spouses | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 2020 Sep 3. doi: 10.1002/jts.22575 |
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Walter KH, LeardMann CA, Carballo CE, McMaster HM, Donoho CJ, & Stander VA Among spouses of service members with probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 14% met criteria for new-onset depression over a 3-year period. The service member’s PTSD symptom cluster of effortful avoidance was associated with an increased risk of new-onset depression in spouses, underscoring the impact of service member psychological symptoms on the spouse. |
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| A Comparison of Mental Health Outcomes in Persons Entering US Military Service Before and After September 11, 2001 | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 2012 Feb;25: 17-24 |
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Wells TS, Ryan MAK, Jones KA, Hooper TI, Boyko EJ, Jacobson IG, Smith TC, Gackstetter GD, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team It is hypothesized that those who entered military service prior to September 11, 2001 might have had expectations of experiencing a regular operational tempo and less combat compared with those entering service after this date, therefore an increased risk for mental disorders. Although measuring the direct reason for entering the military was not possible for this study, the findings showed that those entering pre-September 11 did not have a higher odds of mental disorders, suggesting that mental disorders resulting from the experience of war are common across the pre- and post-September 11 accession eras. |
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| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among US Military Health Care Professionals Deployed in Support of the Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 2012 Dec;25(6):616-23 |
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Jacobson IG, Horton JL, LeardMann CA, Ryan MAK, Boyko EJ, Wells TS, Smith B, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Among military personnel deployed with combat experience, health care professionals did not have increased odds for new-onset PTSD or depression over time compared to individuals in other occupations. Combat experience significantly increased the odds for new-onset PTSD or depression among deployed health care professionals, suggesting that combat experience, not features specific to being a health care professional, was the key exposure explaining development of these outcomes. |
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| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Health Administration Use, and Care-Seeking Among Recent-Era U.S. Veterans | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 2024 June | doi: 10.1002/jts.23019 |
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Porter B, Dozier ME, Seelig A, Zhu Y, Patoilo M, Boyko EJ, Rull RP Veterans with probable PTSD were more likely to use Veterans Health Administration (VHA) services than veterans without probable PTSD. Among these veterans with probable PTSD, those with recent VHA use were more likely to have reported seeking care for PTSD compared to those who did not use VHA services in the past year. |
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| Health of Army Veterinarians and Veterinary Technicians in the Millennium Cohort Study | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | 2021 Apr 1;258(7):767-775 |
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Rivera AC, Geronimo-Hara TR, LeardMann CA, Penix EA, Phillips CJ, Faix DJ, Rull RP, Whitmer DL, Adler AB, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team This analysis assessed the risk of mental health problems, suicidal ideation, psychotropic medication use, problem drinking, sleep quality, and lack of social support among 101 Army veterinarians and 334 veterinary technicians compared with other Army medical professionals (856 physicians and dentists and 6,453 medics, respectively) enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study. Compared with physicians and dentists, veterinarians had elevated risks for mental health problems, trouble sleeping, and lack of social support after adjusting for important factors such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, financial problems, and deployment status. Veterinary technicians had no significantly elevated risks for any of the adverse outcomes of interest compared with medics. |
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| Risk Factors Associated with Suicide in Current and Former US Military Personnel | Journal of the American Medical Association | 2013;310(5):496-506 |
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LeardMann CA, Powell TM, Smith TC, Bell MR, Smith B, Boyko EJ, Hooper TI, Gackstetter GD, Ghamsary M, Hoge CW Based on data from over 150,000 current and former service members from all service branches, 83 suicide deaths occurred in 707,493 person-years from 2001 through 2008 (11.73/100,000 person-years). Suicide risk was independently associated with depression, manic-depressive disorder, alcohol-related problems, and male gender. None of the deployment or military-related factors were associated with an increased risk for suicide. Assessing service members' prior psychiatric history as well as screening for and treating mental and substance abuse disorders may provide the best potential for mitigating suicide risk. |
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