The following manuscripts have been published or are currently in press. Listings are in chronological order, unless otherwise noted.
| Title | Publication | Date/Location |
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| Longitudinal Assessment of Gender Differences in the Development of PTSD Among US Military Personnel Deployed in Support of the Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan | Journal of Psychiatric Research | 2015;68:30-36 |
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Jacobson IG, Donoho CJ, Crum-Cianflone NF, Maguen S Using prospective data from Millennium Cohort Study participants, a propensity score matching technique was used to match 1 male with each female using demographic, military, and behavioral factors including baseline sexual assault. After stratifying by combat experience and adjusting for sexual assault at follow-up, findings revealed no significant gender differences for new-onset postdeployment PTSD among men and women including among those who experienced combat. |
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| Linking Exposures and Health Outcomes to a Large Population-Based Longitudinal Study: the Millennium Cohort Study | Military Medicine | 2011 Jul;176(7 Suppl):56-63 |
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Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Linking Millennium Cohort prospective data to individual-level exposure data is critical for understanding and quantifying any long-term health outcomes potentially associated with unique military occupational exposures. |
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| Lifetime Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Post-Concussive Symptoms in the Millennium Cohort Study | Journal of Neurotrauma | 2024 March | doi: 10.1089/neu.2022.0213 |
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Jannace K, Pompeii L, Gimeno Ruiz de Porras D, Perkison WB, Yamal JM, Trone DW, Rull RP TBI was associated with greater risk of post-concussive symptoms (e.g., fatigue, poor concentration, memory loss) among active-duty service members with risk being greater as number of lifetime TBIs increased. |
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| Is Military Deployment a Risk Factor for Maternal Depression? | Journal of Women's Health | 2013 Jan; 22(1):9-18 |
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Nguyen S, LeardMann CA, Smith B, Conlin AMS, Slymen DJ, Hooper TI, Ryan MAK, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team This study found that military women who recently gave birth and then deployed with combat experience had an increased risk for depression. Combat experience primarily increased the risk for depression, rather than childbirth itself. In addition, deployment without combat experience was not significantly associated with maternal depression among women who recently gave birth. |
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| Individual Augmentee Deployment and Newly Reported Mental Health Morbidity | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 2012 May;54(5):615-620 |
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Granado NS, Zimmermann L, Smith B, Jones KA, Wells TS, Ryan MAK, Slymen DL, Koffman RL, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Individual augmentees (IAs), who presumably have lower social support or unit cohesion, were not at increased risk for PTSD or mental health symptoms following deployment compared with non-IA deployers. It is likely that social isolation was not highly influential among Navy IAs in this study. |
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| Individual and Military Factors That Modify the Association Between Recent Sexual Trauma and Health Outcomes Among U.S. Service Members and Veterans | Journal of Interpersonal Violence | 2023 Sep | doi: 10.1177/08862605231173909 |
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Seelig AD, Rivera AC, LeardMann CA, Daniel SM, Jacobson IG, Stander VA, Moore BL, Millard DC, Boyko EJ; Millennium Cohort Team Experiencing recent sexual trauma was associated with PTSD, depression, and multiple somatic symptoms (e.g. physical complaints, bodily distress). These associations remained relatively stable across demographic and military factors but varied in the presence of protective (e.g., social support) and risk factors (e.g., childhood trauma). These findings underscore the complex interplay of trauma and resilience in understanding adverse health outcomes. |
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| Impact of Terrorism on Caffeine and Tobacco Use | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 2004 Dec;46(12):1194-5 |
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Smith TC, Smith B, Corbeil TE, Ryan MAK, Riddle JR, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team [letter in response to "Self-reported mental health among US military personnel, prior and subsequent to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001"] Authors of a previously highlighted article respond to important suggestions on future analyses. |
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| Impact of Combat Deployment and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on Newly Reported Coronary Heart Disease Among US Active Duty and Reserve Forces | Circulation | 2014;129:1813-1820 |
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Crum-Cianflone NF, Bagnell ME, Schaller E, Boyko EJ, Smith B, Maynard C, Ulmer CS, Vernalis M and Smith TC This study evaluated the association of combat deployments and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on coronary heart disease among a young cohort of US service members. Experiencing combat deployment was associated with an increased odds of coronary heart disease by both self-report and medical record diagnosis after adjustment for demographic, military, and mental health characteristics. Screening positive for PTSD was not associated with CHD after adjustment. This study demonstrates that intense and acute stressful life experiences may increase the risk for coronary heart disease over a relatively short period among young adults. |
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| Identifying at-risk marines: A person-centered approach to adverse childhood experiences, mental health, and social support | Journal of Affective Disorders | 2023 Mar 15 | doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.020 |
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Reed-Fitzke K, LeardMann CA, Wojciak AS, Ferraro AJ, Hamilton A, Duncan JM, Rull RP In a sample of male Marines (n=3,881), five subgroups based on adverse childhood experiences were identified. One in five Marines reported moderate to elevated levels of childhood adversity. A history of varying types of childhood adversity characterized by parental absence was associated with greater PTSD and depression symptomology and lower levels of social support. When attempting to identify Marines most at-risk for mental health concerns, the identification of specific patterns of childhood adversity, particularly regarding parental absence, may be more valuable. |
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| Hypertension in Military Veterans Is Associated With Combat Exposure and Combat Injury | Journal of Hypertension | 2020 Jul;38(7):1293-1301 |
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Howard JT, Stewart IJ, Kolaja C, Sosnov JA, Rull R, Torres I, Janak JC, Walker LE, Trone DW, Armenta RF This study examined the association between combat injury and incident hypertension. We found that those who were injured during combat were more likely to develop hypertension. Further, inadequate sleep, having PTSD, and being overweight or obese were associated with developing hypertension. Results highlight the importance of hypertension prevention among those who are injured during their time in service. |
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