Millennium Cohort Study: Publications

Publications

The following manuscripts have been published or are currently in press. Listings are in chronological order, unless otherwise noted.

Title	Publication	Date/Location
Suicides Among Military Personnel Reply	Journal of the American Medical Association	2013 Dec;310(23):2565-2566
Hoge CW, LeardMann CA, Boyko EJ Discusses the complexity of suicidal behaviors and some challenges related to this type of research, while highlighting the strengths of using data from the Millennium Cohort to study suicide. View full text
The Association of Predeployment and Deployment-Related Factors on Dimensions of Postdeployment Wellness in US Military Service Members	The American Journal of Health Promotion	2013;28:2, 56-66
Bagnell ME, LeardMann CA, McMaster HS, Boyko EJ, Smith B, Granado, NS, and Smith TC This study found that the majority of participants were well post-deployment, and military factors associated with post-deployment wellness included not experiencing combat and being trained as a combat specialist. Modifiable factors significantly associated with post-deployment wellness were also detected, including normal BMI, not smoking, and being physically active. View abstract
The Effects of Exposure to Documented Open-Air Burn Pits on Respiratory Health Among Deployers of the Millennium Cohort Study	Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine	2012 June;54(6):708-716
Smith B, Wong CA, Boyko EJ, Phillips CJ, Gackstetter GD, Ryan MAK, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Burn pit exposure within 3 or 5 miles was not associated with newly reported asthma, chronic bronchitis or emphysema, or self-reported respiratory symptoms. In general, these findings do not support an elevated risk for respiratory outcomes among personnel deployed within proximity of documented burn pits in Iraq. Increased symptom reporting, however, was observed among Air Force deployers located within 2 miles of Joint Base Balad, though this finding was marginally significant with no evidence of trend. View abstract
The Epidemiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in the US Military: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study	American Journal of Gastroenterology	2016;111:93-104
Riddle MS, Welsh M, Porter CK, Nieh C, Boyko EJ, Gackstetter GD, Hooper TI This study describes the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its association with antecedent infectious gastroenteritis among Millennium Cohort Study participants using survey data and post-deployment health assessments and medical encounter data in the military health system. Consistent with other studies, the risk of IBS increased after acute enteric infection. Novel findings included increased risk of incident IBS among those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and preceding life stressors, as well as stronger associations between infectious gastroenteritis and IBS among those with antecedent depression or anxiety. These results reinforce the need to prevent acute gastrointestinal infections and their chronic consequences among our Service members. Additional studies on the underlying biopsychosocial mechanisms of IBS may help to explain these findings. View abstract
The Impact of Deployment Experience and Prior Healthcare Utilization on Enrollment in a Large Military Cohort Study	BMC Medical Research Methodology	2013 Jul 11;13:90
Horton JL, Jacobson IJ, Littman AJ, Alcaraz JE, Smith B, and Crum-Cianflone NF This study compared the characteristics of invited subjects (responders and nonresponders) prior to the enrollment cycle. Military personnel who deployed in support of OIF/OEF and those who presented for routine outpatient care were significantly more likely to enroll in a longitudinal cohort study examining their health and military experiences, while those with baseline mental disorders or longer hospital stays were less likely to enroll. These findings, which controlled for demographic and other potential confounders, suggest differential enrollment by deployment experience and health status, and may help guide recruitment efforts in future studies. View abstract
The Impact of Prior Deployment Experience on Civilian Employment After Military Service	Occupational and Environmental Medicine	2013; 70: 408-417
Horton JL, Jacobson IG, Wong CA, Wells TS, Boyko EJ, Smith B, Ryan MA, and Smith TC Employment after military service, in particular after stressful deployment experiences, is a concern for many veterans and policymakers. Among this large cohort of veterans, we found that prior deployment and PTSD were not significantly associated with job status post-service; in contrast, depression, panic/anxiety disorder, and poor physical health increased the risk of unemployment among certain groups. These findings may guide policy for veterans most in need of post-military employment support. View abstract
The Millennium Cohort Study: A 21-Year Prospective Cohort Study of 140,000 Military Personnel	Military Medicine	2002 Jun;167(6):483-8.
Gray GC, Chesbrough KB, Ryan MAK, Amoroso P, Boyko EJ, Gackstetter GD, Hooper TI, Riddle JR, for the Millennium Cohort Study Group The origins and development of the Millennium Cohort Study are described. The largest prospective study in military history was established to answer the most difficult questions about long-term health after military service. View abstract
The Millennium Cohort Study: Answering Long-Term Health Concerns of US Military Service Members by Integrating Longitudinal Survey Data with Military Health System Records	Military Health Care From predeployment to post-separation	1st ed. New York, NY: Routledge;2013: 55-77
Crum-Cianflone N In: Amara J, Hendricks A, eds This textbook chapter provides a detailed summary of the first decade of the Millennium Cohort Study. The chapter includes an overview of the study methodology and key publications including a review of foundational papers and epidemiologic studies examining the associations of military service experiences with mental, behavioral, and physical health outcomes.
The Occupational Role of Women in Military Service: Validation of Occupation and Prevalence of Exposures in the Millennium Cohort Study	International Journal of Environmental Health Research	2007 Aug;17(4):271-84
Smith TC, Jacobson IG, Smith B, Hooper TI, Ryan MAK, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Data on women's occupations are reliable, and occupational codes can be well correlated with exposures of concern. This was an award-winning presentation at a Navy conference in 2006. View abstract
The Physical and Mental Health of a Large Military Cohort: Baseline Functional Health Status of the Millennium Cohort	BMC Public Health	2007 Nov;7(147):340
Smith TC, Zamorski M, Smith B, Riddle JR, LeardMann CA, Wells TS, Engel CC, Hoge CW, Adkins J, Blazer D, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team The functional health of service members in this 22-year longitudinal study compares favorably at baseline with other civilian and military populations. View full text

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