The following manuscripts have been published or are currently in press. Listings are in chronological order, unless otherwise noted.
| Title | Publication | Date/Location |
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| Prescription Stimulants and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among US Military Service Members | Journal of Traumatic Stress | 2015 Dec;28(6):585-589 |
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Crum-Cianflone NF, Frasco M, Armenta RF, Phillips CJ, Horton J, Ryan MAK, Russell DW, LeardMann CA Millennium Cohort data from U.S. military members who completed the baseline survey, and two follow-up surveys were evaluated to determine associations between receipt of prescription stimulants and PTSD. Prescription stimulants were significantly associated with incident PTSD after adjustment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, baseline mental and physical health status, deployment experiences, and other known confounders. Findings from this study may inform the underlying pathogenesis of and preventive strategies for PTSD. |
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| Prevalence and predictors of insomnia and sleep medication use in a large tri-service U.S. military sample | Sleep Health | 2021 Dec;7(6):675-682 |
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Markwald RR, Carey FR, Kolaja CA, Jacobson IG, Cooper AD, Chinoy ED Several deployment-related characteristics were significantly associated with the development of insomnia and/or newly-reported sleep medication use, and more than half of the sample with insomnia reported using sleep medication, indicating a high rate of medicating for insomnia. These findings may indicate an underlying systematic issue related to the inability to obtain adequate sleep in military personnel |
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| Prevalence of Chronic Multisymptom Illness/Gulf War Illness Over Time Among Millennium Cohort Participants, 2001 to 2016 | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 2020 Jan;62(1):4-10 |
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Porter B, Long K, Rull RP, Dursa EK for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Chronic multisymptom illness/Gulf War illness (CMI/GWI) is a signature illness of the 1990-1991 Gulf War. Using a modified CMI/GWI definition, this study estimated the prevalence of CMI/GWI from 2001-2016 among Gulf War veterans and two other non-deployed groups enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study. Overall, Gulf War veterans had the highest prevalence of CMI/GWI across the study period. The prevalence among all three groups increased substantially at approximately the same rate from 2001 to 2016. |
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| Prior Assault and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Combat Deployment | Epidemiology | 2008 May;19(3):505-12 |
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Smith TC, Wingard DL, Ryan MAK, Kritz-Silverstein D, Slymen DJ, Sallis JF, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team In contrast to hypotheses that survival from trauma represents or confers resilience, these findings suggest vulnerability to combat stress and PTSD among survivors of prior assault. |
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| Prior Health Care Utilization as a Determinant to Enrollment in a 21-Year Prospective Study, the Millennium Cohort Study | European Journal of Epidemiology | 2008 Feb;23(2):79-87 |
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Wells TS, Jacobson IG, Smith TC, Spooner CN, Smith B, Reed RJ, Amoroso PJ, Ryan MAK, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Few health differences between Millennium Cohort responders and non-responders were found when comparing healthcare utilization in the 12 months preceding study invitation. |
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| Problematic Anger and Economic Difficulties: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study | Journal of Affective Disorders | 2022 Jan 15;297:679-68 |
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Adler AB, LeardMann CA, Yun S, Jacobson IG, Forbes D; Millennium Cohort Study Team Of 95,895 participants, 17.4% screened positive for problematic anger. Problematic anger was significantly associated with involuntary job loss and financial problems, adjusting for demographics, military characteristics, disabling injury, and behavioral health factors. Among veterans, problematic anger was associated with unemployment and homelessness after adjustment for covariates. These findings suggest it may be useful for military leaders, veteran organizations, and policy makers to support the adjustment and financial health of military personnel and veterans by proactively addressing problematic anger. |
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| Profile of Two Cohorts: UK and US Prospective Studies of Military Health | International Journal of Epidemiology | 2012 Oct;41(5):1272-82 |
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Pinder RJ, Greenberg N, Boyko EJ, Gackstetter GD, Hooper TI, Murphy D, Ryan MA, Smith B, Smith TC, Wells TS, Wessely S, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Despite differences and limitations in methodologies, analyses of these two cohorts provide the prospect of driving improvement and innovation in military health and extending findings to other occupational populations. |
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| Prospective Assessment of Chronic Multisymptom Illness Reporting Possibly Associated with Open-Air Burn Pit Smoke Exposure in Iraq | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 2012 June;54(6):682-688 |
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Powell TM, Smith TC, Jacobson IG, Boyko EJ, Hooper TI, Gackstetter GD, Phillips CJ, Smith B, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team There was no increase in chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) symptom reporting in Army and Air Force personnel deployed within a 2-, 3-, or5-mile radius of documented open-air burn pits located in Iraq at Joint Base Balad, Camp Taji, and Camp Speicher compared with other deployed personnel. This initial report on possible burn pit exposure associated with CMI at apopulation-level is reassuring, but future research evaluating the potential association of burn pit smoke and CMI should utilize individual exposure data when possible. |
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| Prospective Comparison of Risk Factors for Firearm Suicide and Non-Firearm Suicide in a Large Population-Based Cohort of Current and Former US Service Members: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study | The Lancet Regional Health – Americas | 2024 August | doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2024.100802 |
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LeardMann CA, Sharifian N, Warner S, Boyko EJ, Boparai SK, Powell TM, Rull RP, Reger MA, Hoge CW, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team In this prospective study of over 200,000 US current and former service members, risk factors were similar between firearm and non-firearm suicides. Suicide prevention and intervention strategies may benefit those at risk and may not need to be differentiated by specific demographic, military, or health factors. |
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| Prospective Evaluation of Mental Health and Deployment Experience Among Women in the US Military | American Journal of Epidemiology | 2012;176(2):135-45 |
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Seelig AD, Jacobson IG, Smith B, Hooper TI, Gackstetter GG, Ryan MAK, Wells TS, MacDermid Wadsworth S, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Women with reported combat exposures were more likely to have mental health symptoms than women who deployed without combat associated exposures and women who never deployed. |
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