The following manuscripts have been published or are currently in press. Listings are in chronological order, unless otherwise noted.
| Title | Publication | Date/Location |
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| Assessing Nonresponse Bias at Follow-Up in a Large Prospective Cohort of Relatively Young and Mobile Military Service Members | BMC Medical Research Methodology | 2010 Oct;10(1):99 |
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Littman AJ, Boyko EJ, Jacobson IG, Horton JL, Gackstetter GD, Smith B, Hooper TI, Amoroso PJ, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team In this study population, nonresponse to the follow-up questionnaire did not result in appreciable bias as reflected by comparing measures of association for selected outcomes using complete case and inverse probability weighted methods. |
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| Application of Latent Semantic Analysis for Open-Ended Responses in a Large, Epidemiologic Study | BMC Medical Research Methodology | 2011 Oct;11:136 |
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Leleu TD, Jacobson IG, LeardMann CA, Smith B, Foltz PW, Amoroso PJ, Derr M, Ryan MAK, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Using latent semantic analysis to analyze the final open-ended text field on the Millennium Cohort questionnaire helped identify important topic areas for future survey questions and also revealed the most common areas of concern for participants were illness and injuries, exposures, and exercise. Subjects with worse self-reported general health were more likely to provide a response in the open-ended text field than subjects with better general health. |
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| Anthrax Vaccination in the Millennium Cohort: Validation and Measures of Health | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | 2007 Apr;32(4):347-53 |
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Smith B, Leard CA, Smith TC, Reed RJ, Ryan MAK, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team The largest ever evaluation of this topic revealed strong validity of self-reported vaccination, as well as unique health features of the small subset who may misreport vaccination. This work won awards at two research conferences in 2006. |
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| All-Cause Mortality Among United States Military Personnel: Findings From the Millennium Cohort Study | Annals of Epidemiology | 2024 Aug 28 | doi: 10.1016/j.anne | Online ahead of print |
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Carey FR, Harbertson J, Sharifian N, Boyko EJ, Rull RP Previous history of deployment, female sex, and Hispanic ethnicity were protective for mortality, while combat exposure, enlisted rank, being in the Army, and health factors (e.g., stressful life events, smoking, alcohol use) were risk factors for mortality among OEF/OIF/OND service members and veterans over a 20 year period. |
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| Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Problems Before and After Military Combat Deployment | Journal of the American Medical Association | 2008 Aug;300(6):663-75 |
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Jacobson IG, Ryan MAK, Hooper TI, Smith TC, Amoroso PJ, Boyko EJ, Gackstetter GD, Wells TS, Bell NS, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Findings suggest that Reserve and National Guard personnel and younger service members who deploy with reported combat exposures are at increased risk of new-onset heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and other alcohol-related problems. |
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| A temporal analysis of mental health symptoms relative to separation from the military | Depression and Anxiety | 2022 Apr;39(4):334- 343 |
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Porter B, Carey FR, Roenfeldt KA, Rull RP, Castro CA This paper examined mental health symptoms among 23,887 active duty Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed a survey within one year of their separation from the military. While significant, timing prior to or after separation did not have a practical impact on mental health among all study participants, accounting for less than 0.2% of variance in mental health symptoms. However, among participants with Other Than Honorable (i.e., “bad paperâ€) or General discharges, timing to separation accounted for 5.1% and 3.6% of the variance in posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms, respectively; mental health symptoms increased among these participants around the time of separation and remained elevated in the period following separation. Increased outreach at the time of separation and post-separation is needed for service members with bad paper discharges. |
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| A Prospective Study of Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Relation to Deployment in Support of Iraq and Afghanistan: the Millennium Cohort Study | Autoimmune Diseases | 2011 Nov;741267 |
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Jones KA, Granado NS, Smith B, Slymen DJ, Ryan MAK, Boyko EJ, Gackstetter GD, Phillips CJ, Smith TC, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Newly reported lupus was not associated with military deployment in support of the current operations in Iraq and Afghanistan when compared with nondeployers. Our study did note a significantly decreased risk of newly reported rheumatoid arthritis among deployers with and without combat exposures when compared with nondeployers; the reason for this finding is unknown, but may be due to a selection effect for deployment. |
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| A Prospective Study of Depression Following Combat Deployment in Support of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan | American Journal of Public Health | 2010 Jan;100(1):90-9 |
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Wells TS, LeardMann CA, Fortuna SO, Smith B, Smith TC, Ryan MAK, Boyko EJ, Blazer D, for the Millennium Cohort Study Team Findings emphasize that exposure to combat, rather than deployment itself, among men and women significantly increase the risk of new-onset depression. |
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| A Longitudinal Investigation of Smoking Initiation and Relapse Among Younger and Older US Military Personnel | American Journal of Public Health | 2015 Jun;105(6):1220-1229 |
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Boyko EJ, Trone DW, Peterson AV, Jacobson IG, Littman AJ, Maynard C, Seelig AD, Crum-Cianflone NF, Bricker JB Smoking initiation and relapse were examined among current and former military Service members. Deployment with combat experience predicted higher initiation and relapse rates. Additionally, depending on the panel, prior mental health disorders, life stressors, and other military and nonmilitary characteristics independently predicted initiation and relapse. |
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| A Longitudinal Comparison of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among Military Service Components | Military Psychology | 2014;26(2): 77–87 |
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Schaller EK, Woodall KA, Lemus H, Proctor SP, Russell DW, Crum-Cianflone NF This study investigated PTSD and depression between Reserve, National Guard and active duty continuously and dichotomously, while adjusting for deployment-related characteristics and other relevant covariates. The findings from this study suggest that Reservists and National Guardsmen do not have significantly higher mean PTSD or depression severity scores nor increased odds of screening positive for PTSD or depression compared with active-duty members over approximately 6 years of follow-up. |
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